Advances in Study of Icarrin for Anti-aging and Anti-depression： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Population aging has become a major feature of the demographic structure of today's society， and anti-aging is currently one of the major areas and hot spots of medical research. Kidney deficiency causes aging is the basic theory of aging in TCM， and kidney tonics have a long history of improving physiological functions and significantly alleviating aging-related diseases. However， the formulation of kidney tonics is complicated and the mechanism of action is still unclear. It is difficult to precisely analyze the targets of disease action and metabolic pathways. The kidney tonic herb Epimedium has the effect of tonifying the kidney and augmenting yang， and is not only used to treat diseases related to kidney deficiency and aging， but also has unique advantages in the treatment of mental and emotional diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have proved that Icarrin， a monomeric component of Epimedium， can produce a wide range of biological functions on cardiovascular system， exercise system， reproductive system， and nervous system， with strong antioxidant， free radical scavenging， and repair of mitochondrial DNA damage， which can anti-aging， anti-depression， and improve immunity， etc. In this paper， we searched databases such as CNKI， Pubmed， Wanfang database， Wipu Chinese journal service platform， and web of science to review the research on Icarrin， a monomeric ingredient that has both anti-aging and anti-depression effects， in order to provide a basis for further research on anti-depression and anti-aging in Chinese medicine.

Review of anti-depression and improving learning and memory activities of Kaixin Powder and their mechanisms / 中草药

Kaixin Powder, an ancient Chinese herbal decoction and is composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, and Poria Cocos. Its main active chemical components are ginseng ginsenosides, polygalae saponins, oligosaccharide esters, asarone, poria acid, and pachymaran, which have a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-depression, anti-dementia, improving learning and memory, and anti-fatigue. This article mainly reviewed the literature related to Kaixin Powder published in domestic and foreign research journals, summarized the research on the pharmacological activity and their mechanisms of Kaixin Powder, and prospected the potential clinical application in the treatment of mental illness.

Research progress on antidepressant substances and their mechanisms in Gastrodia elata / 中草药

Gastrodia elata is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine with many pharmacological activities such as calming, anti-depression, anti-anxiety, anti-oxidation, anti-virus, and anti-tumor. In this paper, the research progress of the pharmacodynamic basis and antidepressant mechanism of anti-depression effect of G. elata is summarized. And combined with the current clinical application of G. elata anti-depression, a reference is provided for the further research and development of G. elata.

Screening of anti-depressant active ingredients in Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma based on molecular docking technique / 中草药

Objective: To screen the anti-depressant active ingredients in Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma by molecular docking technique. Methods: All the chemical constituents of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma were obtained by Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology Database (TCMSP). Combined with oral bioavailability, 65 candidate compounds were obtained. The studied anti-depressant targets included monoamine oxidase A, dopamine transporter, serotonin transporter, and histamine H1 receptor. AutoDock Vina was used to explore the affinity and binding modes of the candidate compounds with the above targets. Results: There were 18 compounds from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma that could bind to the above four targets. Among them, four compounds could bind to four targets, three compounds could bind to two targets, and the other 11 compounds could interact with one target. Conclusion: Molecular docking technology can be used to investigate the molecular mechanism of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and determine the active ingredients, which provides an alternative method for the discovery of novel anti-depressants and lead compounds from Chinese herbal medicines.

Research advance on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Gentianella acuta / 中草药

Gentianella acuta is a commonly used Mongolian medicine and its mainly active constituents are xanthone, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. It has the effects of clearing heat and draining dampness, anti-tumor, liver protection, anti-depression, and anti-inflammation. This review summarizes the chemical components and pharmacology of G. acuta from the literatures in recent 30 years in order to provide basis for the development of this plant.

Anti-depression effect of Yinao Jieyu Granules and its mechanism / 中成药

AIM To observe the effect of Yinao Jieyu Granules (Curcumae Radix,Schisandrae chinensis Fructus,Gardeniae Fructus,etc.) on rats depression induced by olfactory bulbectomy (OB).METHODS The model rats randomly divided into model group,Fluoxetine Hydrochloride Capsules group,Yinao Jieyu Granules groups (7.29,3.65 and 1.82 g crude drug/kg) went on with their corresponding intragastric administration once per day (the same volume of purified water for the model group) for 2 weeks.The weight,food intake,liquid consumption,open field test,killing test,light/dark transition test and step-down test were checked every week before and after the administration.The blood sample and brain tissue were procured within 2 hours after the final administration.The serum CRH,ACTH and CORT concentration and the content of hippocampal monoamine neurotransmitters 5-HT,DA and NE were tested by ELISA method.RESULTS Compared with the model group,rats of Yinao Jieyu Granules groups (7.29-3.65 g crude drug/kg) displayed a better sucrose consumption improvement (P ＜ 0.05);more content increase of hippocampal tissue 5-HT (P ＜ 0.05);longer duration time in the dark and on the platform before the error making (P ＜ 0.05);less horizontal and vertical movement,and more significant content decrease of the serum CRH (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION Yinao Jieyu Granules can relieve the depression behaviors of OB animals,and the mechanism may associate with its efficacy on 5-HT and CRH modulation.

Drug brand preference and its effect on medication compliance and efficacy for outpatients with depression / 药学实践杂志

Objective To investigate drug brand preference and its effect on medication compliance and efficacy in pa-tients with depression ,to guide patient′s rational use of limited medical resources and achieve a safe and effective drug use . Methods 459 outpatients were divided into the brand drug group and the generic drug group according to the current drug therapy stage .The patients in both groups were assessed by drug brand preference and medication compliance .In the brand group ,the patients with high brand preference were chosen to replace with generic medication intervention for 8 weeks .Drug education and psychological support were provided to those patients .Evaluation of therapeutic effect was conducted before and after generic replacement .Results About 1/3 patients had high response and 2/3 patients had low or no response to the brand preference .Patients on brand drugs had slightly higher brand preference than patients with generic drugs . Overall , the patients′response to brand preference gradually decreased with the duration of treatment .In general ,the medication compli-ance was acceptable .The patients taking brand drugs displayed significantly higher medication compliance than the patients taking generics .Correlation analysis showed that in brand medicine group ,medication compliance was closely related to brand response ,but negatively correlated with the patient′s age and treatment duration .In generics group ,patient medication compli-ance was not related to brand response ,but closely related with the degree of education and negatively related with the patient′s age and treatment duration .The anti-depression medication maintained same effectiveness in the generic group before and after the replacement ,and no severe adverse reactions occurred .Conclusion Medication compliance for patients taking branded drugs was associated with brand response .With medication education and psychological support ,alternative generic medicine treatment can give good efficacy with very minor side effects .The medical staff should provide medication education including pharmacoeconomics and the biological equivalence to guide the patients with rational use of the limited medical resources .

Research on Antidepressant Mechanism Based on Regulation of Neurotransmitter in Chinese Materia Medica / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Depression,which is a common mental disorder with complex causes,has been a disease with high morbidity and mortality rate.The theory of neurobiochemistry,which is highly appreciated by clinical pharmacology,is used to illuminate the pathogenesis of depression.The theory shows that neurotransmitter imbalance is one of the important factors for depression.Chinese materia medica (CMM) and its extract,as well as Chinese medicine compound have unique advantages with little side effect,multicomponent,multiple target point and multi-effect in anti-depression treatment.In this study,we mainly reviewed the research progress of CMM and its compound in regulating neurotransmitter,which will provide scientific basis for the clinical application of CMM in anti-depression treatment.

Antidepressant effects of Kai-Xin-San in fluoxetine-resistant depression rats

This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect and the mechanism of action of Kai-Xin-San (KXS) in fluoxetine-resistant depressive (FRD) rats. Two hundred male Wistar rats weighing 200±10 g were exposed to chronic and unpredictable mild stresses (CUMS) for 4 weeks and given fluoxetine treatment simultaneously. The rats that did not show significant improvement in behavioral indexes were chosen as the FRD model rats. These rats were randomly divided into four groups: FRD model control; oral fluoxetine and aspirin; oral KXS at a dose of 338 mg·kg-1·day-1; and oral KXS at a dose of 676 mg·kg-1·day-1. Rats continued to be exposed to CUMS and underwent treatment once a day for 3 weeks, then cytokine (COX-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, and TNF-α) levels in the hippocampus and serum, and organ coefficients were measured. Both doses of KXS improved the crossing and rearing frequencies, sucrose-preference index, and body weight in FRD rats. KXS at a dose of 338 mg·kg-1·day-1reduced COX-2, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α levels, increased IL-10 level in the hippocampus, and reduced IL-2 and TNF-α levels in serum. KXS at a dose of 676 mg·kg-1·day-1reduced TNF-α level in the hippocampus, reduced IL-2 and TNF-α levels in serum, and increased IFN-γ and IL-10 levels in the hippocampus and serum. There were no significant differences in organ-coefficients of the spleen among and between groups. The results suggested that oral administration of KXS in FRD rats was effective in improving behavior disorders by influencing various inflammatory pathways.

Progress of new antidepressant drugs development / 中国中药杂志

Depression becomes more and more serious and has been greatly do harm to human's physical and mental health. WHO predicts that depression will become the second leading cause of abnormal death and disability by 2020. There is still the drug treatment as the first-line antidepressive therapy, but the effect of listed antidepressant drugs is not ideal. Therefore, discovery of new antidepressant drug of sunique, higher curative effect, less adverse reaction is the pursuit of pharmaceutical. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of anti-depression and natural antidepressant in currently listed, drug development and drug discovery phase are summarized in this paper, aiming to provide reference for new antidepressant drug research.

Correlation study on high performance liquid chromatography and antidepressant effect of different eluting fractions of acorus tatarinowii schott macroporous resin / 重庆医学

Objective To research the correlation on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and antidepressant effect of different elution fractions of acorus tatarinowii schott macroporous resin .Methods Prepared different fractions by using AB‐8 macroporous resin .Establish HPLC characteristic chromatograms of crude drugs and different elution fractions from AB‐8 acorus tatarinowii schott macroporous resin by using gradient elusion .Confirm characteristic peaks in chromatograms .despair mod‐els of male mice ,including tails suspension test (TST ) ,forced swimming test (FST ) were used to evaluate antidepressant effects by taking orally .Results HPLC chromatograms of crude drugs and different fraction of acorus tatarinowii schott showed that they had same characteristic peaks .Elution of 90% and 70% alcohol solution from AB‐8 macroporous resin can obviously reduce TST and FST time .The anti‐depressant effect were associated with characteristic peaks on chromatogram .Conclusion Acorus tatarinowii schott has anti‐depressant effect ,and mainly from 70% and 90% alcohol solution eluted from AB‐8 macroporous resin .HPLC char‐acteristic chromatography and data relationship between relative peaks can be used to judge the antidepressant effects of acorus ta‐tarinowii schott ,and give reference to research and product development .

Advance in Anti-depression of Adenosine (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@# Adenosine is an important signaling molecule of the central nervous system (CNS). Adenosine typically released in the phosphorylated form(ATP), together with neurotransmitter, both of which are encapsulated in the synaptic vesicles. Once released into the synaptic space, adenosine molecules will bind to their three categories of receptors, namely A1 receptor (A1R), A2 receptor (A2R), A3 receptor (A3R), and therefore start G protein mediated signaling pathways, resulting in various and extensive biological effects. It has been discovered in recent years that adenosine has a certain level of anti-depression effect, although its mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. This review summarized the researches focusing on anti-depression roles of both adenosine and its receptors.

LC-PDA-MS/MS analysis and anti-depressant study of Zhizi-Gancao-Chi decoction / 中国药科大学学报

Aim: To establish an analytical method to study the chemical components in Zhizi-Gancao-Chi(ZGC) decoction, and investigate its anti-depressant effect. Methods: An LC-PDA-MS/MS method was established and applied. The separation was performed on an ODS C_(18) column (250 mm ×4. 6 mm, 5 μm) with a gradient elu-tion. The mobile phase consisted of water/acetic acid( 1 %, v/v) and methanol. The main components were identi-fied according to the UV and MS. The anti-depressant effect was evaluated with mice tail-suspension test and forced swimming test. Results: The components of the ZGC decoction were separated isolated and ten of them were identified. These compounds are classified to iridoid glycosides, flavonoids and triterpene saponins. In addi-tion, its anti-depressant effect was observed for the first time. Conclusion: The LC-PDA-MS/MS method can ef-fectively separate and identify the components of ZGC decoction, which has significant anti-depressant effect. The relationship between the chemical component and its anti-depressant effect needs further study.